Nova S46E16: English vocabulary

a flat shape with six sides and six angles

the movement of heat in a liquid or gas as warmer parts rise and cooler parts sink

a flat shape with three or more straight sides

very large or great; seeming to have no limit

relating to the space between stars

darkness or a dark, gloomy atmosphere

stiff, formal, and a little old-fashioned

toward the inside or center

the Fahrenheit temperature scale, where water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°

existing from the earliest time; very ancient

lasting only a very short time

shaped like a sphere; round like a ball

having no limits or end

a wide open area of land, sea, or sky

something that makes a surface, line, or shape even or level

to clean something by rubbing it hard

a long period when an animal sleeps through the winter

a mass of air or water that spins around very fast

a person who travels a long way, especially by sea or in space

the outer edge of something, or the area farthest from the center

moving or working slowly, often because of tiredness or poor health

a soft, smooth shine on a surface

to move in a circular or spiraling motion

something extra that is not needed

in a way that is easy to notice; clearly

the practice of selling unpaid bills to get money before they are paid

in a way that involves chemistry or chemical reactions

a long, soft feather, or a bunch of feathers used for decoration

relating to ice or glaciers

made invalid or no longer legally effective

a person who is the first to find or notice something

smiled broadly and happily

a small shapeless mass or lump

the act of moving along without using power

a very small spot or mark

belonging naturally to something; part of its basic nature

melted by heat and in a liquid state

locked with a key

relating to planets

to a very great degree; extremely

the practice of learning a job by following and watching an experienced worker

toward or on the outside

relating to the force of gravity

a strong-smelling gas used in making fertilizers and cleaning products

moving or walking with quick, light steps

a standard or rule used for judging or choosing something

to give off a sound, smell, light, or gas

to talk in a casual, lively way

a process that makes cloth stiffer and stronger by coating it with a special substance

a game in which a player or side must reach five points before the other side does

to understand or deal with only a small part of something

the use of several layers, especially in clothing

a long trip through Europe, especially one taken by a young person as part of their education

relating to the Earth or to things that live on it

a light, colorless gas used in balloons and some scientific equipment

relating to astronomy or space

the act of beating someone with a whip as punishment

to give up something, especially a right, title, or position

a colorless, odorless gas that burns easily and is found in natural gas

a small military base or guard post far from the main force

to add something to a design or system so it is included from the start

the seventh planet from the Sun

not obvious; hidden or not shown openly

the rounded part of something, especially one of the sections of a brain or the lower part of the ear

looking neat, smart, or well dressed

the smallest planet in the solar system, beyond Neptune

the process of making a surface or material smooth

far away; at a great distance

a sudden burst or outbreak of something, especially a volcano or strong emotion

to think you are seeing something that is not really there

a hill of sand formed by the wind, especially near the sea or in a desert

money, especially a large amount of it

used in questions to express surprise, emphasis, or strong curiosity

to choose one person or thing from a group and pay special attention to them

the break between the two halves of a sports game or match

the period of modern life since space travel began, especially from the late 1950s onward