Nova S47E5: English vocabulary

to make a loud, harsh sound with a horn or voice

something that makes a surface, line, or shape even or level

written or marked lightly with a pencil

a doctor's judgment about how a disease or injury is likely to develop

a serious illness that causes swelling around the brain and spinal cord

to take something away from someone using legal or official authority

an official ban on trade with a country

so useful or valuable that you could not manage without it

the sound made by bells or similar metal tubes

the practice of selling unpaid bills to get money before they are paid

slightly moving the head up and down, usually to show agreement or acknowledgment

to fill someone's mind so much that they cannot think about much else

to make a short, high sound, especially like a small bird or insect

a person who is the first to find or notice something

the process of making something clean or pure by removing unwanted substances

to make something clean or pure

a person or group you are competing or fighting against

a small container with a narrow neck, used for holding liquids

a person or thing that slows or stops a process

a kitchen tool with wire loops used for beating eggs, cream, or batter

a gland in men that helps produce semen

to achieve something that seems impossible or extremely difficult

a person who has betrayed a group, country, or belief

moving or walking with quick, light steps

walk with long, confident steps

to make an exact copy of something or repeat an experiment or result

at the same time that something else is happening

the branch of science that studies the chemical processes in living things

cancer that begins in the prostate gland

the use of techniques to change the genes of living things

a way of thinking or behaving that helps someone avoid painful feelings or thoughts

a medical treatment that changes a person's genes to help treat or prevent disease

relating to bacteria or caused by bacteria

to use damaging information to pressure someone

the less pleasant or negative side of something

a game in which a player or side must reach five points before the other side does

the amount of medicine or a drug that should be taken at one time or over a period of time

to join a gang by doing a violent act as part of an initiation

the use of several layers, especially in clothing

a protein in the blood that helps the body fight infection

to record that you have started work or a shift

cancer that begins in the pancreas

a sales call made to someone you have not contacted before

to cause a strong reaction or feeling, especially anger, fear, or excitement

a person, group, or animal that enters a place by force or without permission

a situation that is extremely urgent or serious

separated from the rest by cutting

a CT scan

to do something that will be remembered for a long time

to make someone feel excited and eager

looking neat, smart, or well dressed

a simple device for fastening a door or gate

in a general way, without giving many details

to think you are seeing something that is not really there

a lot of damage, destruction, or confusion

high blood pressure

a cell in the body that grows and divides uncontrollably and can form a tumor

the state of needing or relying on someone or something else

the process of shaping metal or other material with machine tools

to identify an illness or problem by examining the signs and tests

helpful or good for something; likely to have a positive effect

a cancerous growth in the brain

to become too big or too old for something, especially clothes or a habit

a trial run of a machine, system, or process before it is used for real

a style of music, art, or film that uses new ideas and breaks away from older styles

causing worry, sadness, or pain

the act of blocking a place so that people or goods cannot enter or leave

not easily convinced; doubtful

a fact, idea, or statement that is opposite to another one and cannot both be true

to want to join in or be included in something

to let hair grow longer

to crush something into a fine powder by grinding it

to submit something, such as a request or application

to contact someone, especially to offer help or start a conversation

a church, especially in Scotland

ready, arranged, or working properly