Nova S49E1: English vocabulary

a colorless gas used as a fuel for heating and cooking

to stay hidden and wait for a chance to act

toward the inside or center

so strong or clear that it settles a question or ends doubt

the Fahrenheit temperature scale, where water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°

to become weaker, quieter, or less severe

to learn and understand something so well that you can use it easily

the hunting of whales for meat, oil, or other products

relating to the movement and structure of the Earth's crust

the act of keeping horses in stables

something that makes a surface, line, or shape even or level

a very small living thing, such as a bacterium or virus

the process of removing bones from meat or fish

not able to be changed back to the way it was before

the activity of riding on a sled or sled-like vehicle over snow

to become stronger, more serious, or more intense

a cold, flat area in the far north where trees do not grow

a large flat area of grassland with few or no trees

to walk or move in an unsteady way, as if you might fall

relating to earthquakes or other movements in the earth

likely to catch fire easily

having spikes or sharp points

living a life of moving from place to place

something that is different from what is normal or expected

to send out light, heat, or energy

making you feel very cold; cold enough to make you shiver

a state of constant change or movement

the act of moving along without using power

the act of removing a covering, layer, or clothes

a period when something is deliberately stopped or put on hold

to become unfrozen and turn into liquid

used to ask what something really means or is, especially in British English

to make someone very interested or curious

to remove impurities from a substance

a narrow passage or corridor that lets people move from one place to another

to treat someone in a cruel or insulting way

a large wild animal like a cow, with a big head and shaggy front shoulders

to give off a sound, smell, light, or gas

to talk in a casual, lively way

a process that makes cloth stiffer and stronger by coating it with a special substance

the process of rotting or breaking down

to sit, lean, or fall heavily, often with a bent back

a game in which a player or side must reach five points before the other side does

to start burning, or make something start burning

to keep a low profile and avoid drawing attention

the use of several layers, especially in clothing

to break into small pieces or fall apart

to end up in a situation by accident or because of circumstances

stealing things, especially in a casual or sneaky way

relating to Siberia

the larva of a butterfly or moth

used to say what you would prefer

very sudden and extreme, with a strong effect

in a strange or unusual way

to record that you have started work or a shift

a very large extinct elephant with long curved tusks

a colorless, odorless gas that burns easily and is found in natural gas

a small vehicle for moving over snow or ice

used to say that something is not believable

one part of a bigger situation, explanation, or plan

not obvious; hidden or not shown openly

large machines used for construction, mining, or other heavy work

the study of rocks, the earth, and how it changes over time

to discover or learn something, especially by asking or checking

a large deer that lives in cold northern regions and has antlers; both males and females can have antlers

a lot of damage, destruction, or confusion

the gradual wearing away of land or rock by wind, water, or other natural forces

a group of wild boars

having a strong effect or influence

used in questions to express surprise, emphasis, or strong curiosity

to decide not to do something you had agreed or planned to do

moving or able to move people strongly

used to say you have won or beaten someone

to gradually become fully understood or emotionally felt

dead plant and animal material in soil that is partly broken down

to meet a problem, difficulty, or opponent