Nova S49E6: English vocabulary

to gather in a group or crowd

to mix things together in a messy or confusing way

the work of covering a wall or other surface with plaster

to make a soft, dry sound like leaves or paper moving

a hard, dry covering that forms over a wound as it heals

soft and wet in a way that is not firm

to change into a fossil over a very long time

one of the small bones that make up the spine

wet, soft, and muddy because of marshes

the scientific study of fossils and ancient life

to destroy something badly or cause it to fail completely

to make something hard, firm, or solid

a tool with two handles that is squeezed to blow air into a fire

the place something comes from, or its earliest known history

a group of things or people gathered or arranged together

relating to rock formed from layers of sediment

the act of moving a boat by pushing a pole against the bottom of the water

in a way that settles something clearly and finally

to value something very highly

a large wild animal like a reindeer that lives in northern North America

a scientist who studies fossils and the history of life on Earth

to make a series of short, sharp rattling sounds

to make a deep, hoarse sound, like a frog or a crow

to make someone feel annoyed, upset, or disappointed

often; many times

the act of cutting or tearing something into small pieces

to make a dull, heavy sound

more able or skilled than someone or something else

an animal that eats meat

to shout in a deep, loud voice, especially in anger or pain

one of the two organs in a woman's body that produce eggs

the Fahrenheit temperature scale, where water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°

to push or touch someone or something gently

the act of cutting open a body or plant to study its parts

a very thin thread or fiber

the time when someone or something is at its most successful or popular

to move lightly and quickly, or to flap gently

something that makes a surface, line, or shape even or level

eating meat and other animals

to make a sudden, noisy sound through the nose

the process of removing bones from meat or fish

damaged by a sharp object that has made a hole in it

to make a short, high-pitched sound

to shout loudly because you are excited or happy

kissing and touching someone in a sexual way

a venomous snake found in North and South America that makes a rattling sound with its tail

a long, soft feather, or a bunch of feathers used for decoration

to a very great degree; extremely

to push or drive something forward or in a particular direction

a conclusion you reach from facts or evidence

seeming reasonable or likely to be true

the dead body of an animal

the period when two people are getting to know each other before marriage or a long-term relationship

to force someone to do something, or make them feel they must do it

to search for food or supplies in the wild

a loud, harsh, high-pitched sound

an animal that eats dead animals or leftover food

a person or thing that eats

used to describe someone who is used to doing something

melted by heat and in a liquid state

the day when God judges everyone, according to Christian belief

used to say that something is extremely high or far above normal

made hard or tougher by heat, cold, use, or time

relating to the force of gravity

to make someone very interested or curious

the act of following someone closely in order to watch them or spy on them

a small hole made by something sharp, especially in a tire

a large wild animal like a cow, with a big head and shaggy front shoulders

smoothed by rubbing with sandpaper

to guess or form an opinion about something without enough evidence

smiling broadly and showing happiness or excitement

used to add emphasis, especially in informal speech

a gas or mist, especially one that comes from a liquid

the equipment and setup used to make products in a factory

a process that makes cloth stiffer and stronger by coating it with a special substance

to cut or tear something into small pieces