Nova S38E13: English vocabulary

harsh, empty, or difficult to live in

to move quickly with short, hurried steps

to show your bare buttocks to someone as a joke or insult

farthest from the center or inside

showing a willingness to take bold risks

harmful, poisonous, or unpleasant to breathe, eat, or touch

something that must happen or be done before something else can begin

the soft, repeated sound birds make

to press something so that it becomes smaller and tighter

to send out or throw out quickly and forcefully

a hot spring that sends hot water and steam up into the air at intervals

to make something smaller, shorter, or more compact

a very tiny living thing that can only be seen with a microscope

to cut or mark a design into a hard surface, often with acid or a sharp tool

a part of a building or other structure that sticks out over something below

good enough for people to live in

the act or process of becoming less clear or transparent

showing that something is present or true, often in a way that is not obvious

covered or hidden so that you cannot see it clearly

to suggest an explanation for something based on limited evidence

the act of moving a boat by pushing a pole against the bottom of the water

relating to the early stages of development

a compound made only of hydrogen and carbon, found in fuels like oil and natural gas

a long, narrow crack or opening in rock, earth, or another surface

involving exploration, testing, or investigation

a dirty mark or smear

to fall or drop very quickly and suddenly

able to damage or destroy materials or skin by chemical action

so small or unimportant that it does not matter much

more able or skilled than someone or something else

the state of being dry

to attack a place with bombs or shells

showing disrespect or contempt

full of longing or sadness for someone or something

so strong or clear that it settles a question or ends doubt

to move quickly down through the air

the Fahrenheit temperature scale, where water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°

the lower part of the leg, especially between the knee and the ankle

covering something completely, especially with a layer of snow, smoke, or other material

dangerous because it may cause harm or trouble

a game played on a table with balls and a cue, usually with pockets

number 100 in a sequence

to make a harsh, high-pitched sound as it moves or is pressed

a tall, narrow pointed part on top of a building, especially a church tower

the light that comes from stars

a large group of ships, planes, or other vehicles moving together

something that makes a surface, line, or shape even or level

a very small living thing, such as a bacterium or virus

an advantage or starting position that helps you make progress

a cloud of gas and dust in space

a person who travels a long way, especially by sea or in space

willing to give in, agree, or be flexible

having a rough edge made of sharp points or uneven lines

to move in a circular or spiraling motion

letting light through but not clear details; partly transparent

looking pale, strange, or unreal, like a ghost

to make a deep sound because of pain, sadness, or tiredness

a long, soft feather, or a bunch of feathers used for decoration

operated by remote control or automatically, without a person on board

having a sour taste or the chemical properties of an acid

a poisonous chemical element

an object that is thrown or fired through the air

extremely small; too small to see without a microscope

farthest away in space or time

likely to catch fire easily

relating to the planet Mars or to imagined life there

not active or growing for a period of time

to send out light, heat, or energy

to change from a liquid into a gas

the beginning of something

to move very slowly and carefully in a particular direction

not alive; dead

moving with quick, light jumps

melted by heat and in a liquid state

a small container with a narrow neck, used for holding liquids

a small, tight group or mass of things