Nova S42E12: English vocabulary

to make someone feel annoyed, upset, or disappointed

to become too hot, or to make something too hot

reduce the size, amount, or extent of something

to form a circle around something

likely to have a serious and important effect on what happens next

the process of splitting into two or more parts, especially in biology or nuclear physics

able to damage or destroy materials or skin by chemical action

more able or skilled than someone or something else

to spread or cause something to spread

a strong, often sudden attack or wave of something unpleasant

a small, round, compressed piece of material

to hang down loosely or swing gently

to make someone feel extreme fear

a fast, powerful flow of water

a gland in the neck that makes hormones controlling growth and metabolism

relating to the movement and structure of the Earth's crust

the act of keeping horses in stables

something that makes a surface, line, or shape even or level

written or marked lightly with a pencil

very careful about small details and exactness

a device that throws objects by using a sudden release of force

a place with many paths or passages that are hard to find your way through

to flow or fall in a thin, small stream

giving off a bright, glowing light or color

a feeling that someone or something is not worthy of respect

a machine that squeezes air or gas and increases its pressure

covering a large area or including many things; extensive

closed and no longer open for business

the process of removing unwanted substances from a liquid or gas by passing it through a filter

to shine or move with quick, irregular changes

the act of gently rubbing or stroking something

relating to earthquakes or other movements in the earth

a drive or trip in a car, especially for pleasure

likely to catch fire easily

to criticize someone sharply, especially for bad behavior

to move very slowly and carefully in a particular direction

moving with quick, light jumps

in a hurried or rushed way

locked with a key

to stay somewhere longer than needed, often because you do not want to leave

to pass a moving vehicle, person, or thing that is going in the same direction

to send something to a different place, person, or direction

the act of keeping something dangerous, unwanted, or spreading under control

having abilities or strength far beyond what is normal for people

a magical spirit in stories, often said to live in a lamp or bottle and grant wishes

to talk in a casual, lively way

melted rock beneath the Earth's surface

an act of cleaning a place or area

used to say something that is bold, rude, or about a taboo topic

an amount of a poison or drug that can cause death

to not do what a person, rule, or order says

to make or become darker

to provide someone or something with the things needed for a particular purpose

to stop something before it is finished because of a problem

to create or perform something without preparing it first

to make a low, rough sound, especially in anger or warning

a game in which a player or side must reach five points before the other side does

the act of putting things into a pile or piles

a state of confusion, disorder, or strong emotional upset

the use of several layers, especially in clothing

to end up in a situation by accident or because of circumstances

to land or settle lightly on something

to trace over a sketch or outline with a darker, more permanent line

a harsh scolding or reprimand

to do something with full effort or confidence

used to say that something is true in no way or not at all

to feel worried or afraid about something that may happen

a control that changes the speed or power of an engine

a complete defeat in which one side is forced to run away in disorder

to make something better, richer, or more interesting

to record that you have started work or a shift

to insult or embarrass someone in public

to affect someone suddenly and strongly, especially with a feeling or mood

to become overwhelmed by strong emotions or stress

to move or act quickly, but with difficulty or in a clumsy way

to persuade or influence someone to do something