Nova S42E11: English vocabulary

to let saliva run from your mouth

a small piece of snow

too bad, difficult, or unpleasant to accept or deal with

covering something completely, especially with a layer of snow, smoke, or other material

a small, round, compressed piece of material

a small school building, especially in the past or in a rural area

not able to sleep

having a good reputation and deserving trust

playfully unusual or imaginative in a charming way

a place where someone lives; a home

something that makes a surface, line, or shape even or level

the mechanism inside a clock

a long period when an animal sleeps through the winter

a cloud of gas and dust in space

a person who travels a long way, especially by sea or in space

to shout loudly because you are excited or happy

to move in a circular or spiraling motion

a long, soft feather, or a bunch of feathers used for decoration

to push or drive something forward or in a particular direction

farthest away in space or time

a possible future event or situation that may happen but is not certain

seeming reasonable or likely to be true

a sailor, especially one who travels on the sea

to send out light, heat, or energy

the rate at which something changes from one level to another

difficult to find, catch, understand, or remember

to separate threads or fibers, or come apart into threads

relating to dogs or similar animals

full of conflict, confusion, or sudden change; not calm

a period when something is deliberately stopped or put on hold

relating to planets

temporary and improvised, used because the proper thing is not available

to become unfrozen and turn into liquid

relating to the part of sunlight that you cannot see and that can damage skin

to send data from a device or app to a remote server, usually automatically

a casual way of saying someone should go first or take the first turn

to make someone very interested or curious

the quality of being rich, deep, or full of flavor, color, or detail

moving or walking with quick, light steps

not acceptable in polite society; considered improper or rude

smoothed by rubbing with sandpaper

to guess or form an opinion about something without enough evidence

very clever and original; showing inventiveness

smiling broadly and showing happiness or excitement

clear and strong, and hard to ignore

to change the shape of something so it looks twisted or unclear

to talk in a casual, lively way

a process that makes cloth stiffer and stronger by coating it with a special substance

the life or world believed to exist after death

relating to the sky or outer space

in a calm, patient way, without getting upset or impatient

a game in which a player or side must reach five points before the other side does

the act of moving something forward, especially by using power

moving quickly with light, springy steps

a particular point of view

not appreciated enough; overlooked or undervalued

the sound of something, especially a clock, ticking

the use of several layers, especially in clothing

relating to the Earth or to things that live on it

the path that something moving through the air or space follows

a light, colorless gas used in balloons and some scientific equipment

officially so, but not really important or real

a very early stage of a human or animal before birth or hatching

relating to astronomy or space

the act of beating someone with a whip as punishment

a deep, low, continuous sound

in a strange or unusual way

a plan you can use if the main plan does not work or something goes wrong

to throw something with a lot of force

cause something to improve a lot

to discuss ideas informally and freely

a colorless, odorless gas that burns easily and is found in natural gas

to shoot and kill someone with a gun

to gather or bring together

in a very smooth, regular, and reliable way

the seventh planet from the Sun