Nova S32E11: English vocabulary

to move back or farther away

mysterious and hard to understand

strange, unusual, or shocking in appearance or style

to stir cream or milk until it becomes butter

end in a particular result or at a particular point

likely to have a serious and important effect on what happens next

more able or skilled than someone or something else

to struggle to deal with something difficult

so silly or unreasonable that it seems ridiculous

relating to weather and the study of weather

a fast, powerful flow of water

something that makes a surface, line, or shape even or level

to clean something by rubbing it hard

small bits or pieces left after something has been scraped away

a mass of air or water that spins around very fast

a belief that goes against official religious teaching

the final and most important stage or point of something

to flow or fall in a thin, small stream

fine mud or sand carried by water and left behind as sediment

relating to ice or glaciers

extremely large

extremely impressive or surprising

to walk or move in an unsteady way, as if you might fall

to gather people together for a meeting or event

seeming reasonable or likely to be true

to separate threads or fibers, or come apart into threads

a small wave or series of small waves on the surface of water

to move very slowly and carefully in a particular direction

full of conflict, confusion, or sudden change; not calm

the shape and arrangement of the physical features of an area of land

sudden and often unexpected, especially in a way that feels unfriendly or unpleasant

in a way that causes death or serious harm

locked with a key

to make someone very interested or curious

to wear away or slowly destroy something over time

an expression used to show disbelief or strong disagreement

an informal way to say someone is very loyal, helpful, or supportive

smoothed by rubbing with sandpaper

not heard or not listened to

the act of sealing a hole or gap

very fierce, violent, or aggressive

clear and strong, and hard to ignore

a process that makes cloth stiffer and stronger by coating it with a special substance

the life or world believed to exist after death

to complain to someone about your problems for a long time

in a calm, patient way, without getting upset or impatient

a game in which a player or side must reach five points before the other side does

a person whose job is to study rocks, the earth, and how they change over time

to open a more detailed level of information in a computer program

to move from a summary or general view to a more detailed view in software

the use of several layers, especially in clothing

a small waterfall, or a series of small waterfalls

to land or settle lightly on something

a short text that explains a picture or photo

the act of directing energy, money, or attention into something

to make a deal, victory, or result certain

very large, important, or impressive

to mean or indicate something

relating to Iceland, its people, or its language

a deep, low, continuous sound

to record that you have started work or a shift

to throw something with a lot of force

hard and dry, so it breaks or crumbles easily

to deal with a difficult problem or situation

changing quickly and unpredictably, often in a way that can cause problems

to openly refuse to obey or accept something

a person who moves to a new place and starts living there

the person who did a crime or caused a problem

not agreeing with something else; contradictory

the study of rocks, the earth, and how it changes over time

a sudden burst or outbreak of something, especially a volcano or strong emotion

used in the phrase into thin air to mean that something disappears completely or seems to vanish

the gradual wearing away of land or rock by wind, water, or other natural forces

making a loud, deep, rumbling sound

a deep, narrow valley with steep sides, often with a river running through it

a large piece of ice floating in the sea, broken off from a glacier or ice sheet